Economic development has worsened the effects of the subsidence, says another media report.But when groundwater is pumped out, the land above it sinks as if it is sitting on a deflating balloon – and this leads to land subsidence.Piped water isn’t reliable or available in most areas so people have no choice but to resort to pumping water from the aquifers deep underground. The dramatic rate at which Jakarta is sinking is partly down to the excessive extraction of groundwater for use as drinking water, for bathing and other everyday purposes by city dwellers.Jakarta is sinking by an average of 1-15cm a year and almost half the city now sits below sea level.It’s already happening – North Jakarta has sunk 2.5m in 10 years and is continuing to sink by as much as 25cm a year in some parts, which is more than double the global average for coastal megacities.If we look at models, by 2050 about 95% of North Jakarta will be submerged.”.With reference to National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) guidelines, discuss the measures to be adopted to mitigate the impact of recent incidents of cloudbursts in many places of Uttarakhand.Discussing the reasons for urban floods, highlight the mechanisms for preparedness to reduce the risk during such events. The frequency of urban floods due to high intensity rainfall is increasing over the years.Major cities of India are becoming vulnerable to flood conditions.UPSC Geo Scientist Eligibility Criteria.UPSC EPFO Previous Year Question Papers.
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